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鴻海

美元台幣匯率

32.634

台幣日圓匯率

4.791

台幣歐元匯率

0.029

台幣韓元匯率

44.317

台幣英鎊匯率

0.024

台幣人民幣匯率

0.224

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元大高股息 ▸ |

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台積電 ▸ |

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聯發科 ▸ |

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鴻海 ▸ |
美元台幣匯率 ▸ 32.634 | 台幣日圓匯率 ▸ 4.791 | 台幣歐元匯率 ▸ 0.029 | 台幣韓元匯率 ▸ 44.317 | 台幣英鎊匯率 ▸ 0.024 | 台幣人民幣匯率 ▸ 0.224
綜合

父母可以因為兒女不孝,而將贈與給兒女的財產收回來嗎?

父母可以因為兒女不孝,而將贈與給兒女的財產收回來嗎?

父母可以因為兒女不孝,而將贈與給兒女的財產收回來嗎?

父母可以因為兒女不孝,而將贈與給兒女的財產收回來嗎?

撰文:高雄律師,王瀚誼律師事務所。

大家好,我們今天要和大家討論,關於「撤銷贈與」的法律問題,如果,父母將自己的不動產過戶登記給兒女,後來兒女沒有盡到扶養父母的責任,此時,父母可以將當初贈與的不動產收回來嗎?有沒有什麼需要注意的地方呢?

一、什麼是撤銷贈與?
民法第406條
稱贈與者,謂當事人約定,一方以自己之財產無償給與他方,他方允受之契約。

民法第419條
第1項:贈與之撤銷,應向受贈人以意思表示為之。
第2項:贈與撤銷後,贈與人得依關於不當得利之規定,請求返還贈與物。

贈與依照民法第406條規定,是一方將財產無償給予他方,並經他方接受的契約,其實也就和我們日常的生活經驗相同。但,在某些情況下(可參考下述第二點的說明),贈與人可以將贈與物拿回來,也就是「撤銷贈與」,依照民法第419條第2項規定,贈與人「撤銷贈與」後,雙方的關係就會回到一開始沒有贈與關係存在的狀態,此時受贈人沒有權利再擁有贈與物,贈與人並得請求受贈人返還贈與物。

二、怎麼樣的情況下,父母可以將贈與子女的財產收回來呢?
(1)當受贈人不履行「附負擔贈與」的負擔時。

(1-1)受贈人做不到贈與的交換條件(附負擔贈與)!贈與人得撤銷贈與。

民法第412條第1項
贈與附有負擔者,如贈與人已為給付而受贈人不履行其負擔時,贈與人得請求受贈人履行其負擔,或撤銷贈與。

如果父母在贈與兒女財產時,有約定兒女在受贈財產後,應盡孝道、扶養責任,此時,兒女不僅是單方面,無償地接受父母所贈與的財產,同時,還需要履行雙方的扶養約定,以作為贈與的交換條件,此即是民法中的「附負擔贈與」。

依照民法第412條第1項規定,在附負擔贈與的情況下,如果贈與人已為給付而受贈人不履行其負擔,贈與人得撤銷贈與,例如:當子女在接受贈與後,卻沒有依照附負擔的約定,對父母盡到孝道、扶養義務時,父母可以將原先的贈與撤銷,並請求子女返還贈與物。

(1-2)需注意者,贈與的交換條件(附負擔贈與之條件),最好能有證據證明該條件的存在。

然而,需要注意的是,「附負擔贈與」要有可以證明「負擔存在」的證據,在後續的訴訟過程中,才有機會被法院肯認,因此,如果父母沒有辦法舉證(贈與契約、在場證人)當初有和子女約定,子女在受贈與後應該盡扶養責任,法院恐較難以子女沒有盡到扶養義務為理由,允許父母撤銷贈與。

例如臺北地方法院 100年訴字第369號民事判決指出,因為雙方僅提出當初移轉登記之公契,並沒有就約定負擔的事實有所舉證,所以法院無法認定雙方確實有約定附負擔的贈與,而當然地在受贈人為履行負擔時,給予贈與人撤回贈與的權利。

(2)受贈人不盡對贈與人的「扶養義務」、或為「刑法處罰之故意侵害行為」時。

民法第416條
第1項:受贈人對於贈與人,有左列情事之一者,贈與人得撤銷其贈與:
一、對於贈與人、其配偶、直系血親、三親等內旁系血親或二親等內姻親,有故意侵害之行為,依刑法有處罰之明文者。
二、對於贈與人有扶養義務而不履行者。
第2項:前項撤銷權,自贈與人知有撤銷原因之時起,1年內不行使而消滅;贈與人對於受贈人已為宥恕之表示者,亦同。

依照民法第416條規定,如果子女在接受父母贈與後,對父母有刑法上故意侵害、不履行扶養義務的行為,父母可以在子女為上述行為的1年內撤銷贈與。

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父母可以因為兒女不孝,而將贈與給兒女的財產收回來嗎?〉這篇文章最早發佈於《668 News》。

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