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台幣人民幣匯率

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聯發科 ▸ |

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綜合

雇主若違法解僱員工,法院可能會裁定雇主需「繼續支薪直到員工合法復職」

雇主若違法解僱員工,法院可能會裁定雇主需「繼續支薪直到員工合法復職」

雇主若違法解僱員工,法院可能會裁定雇主需「繼續支薪直到員工合法復職」

雇主若違法解僱員工,法院可能會裁定雇主需「繼續支薪直到員工合法復職」

撰文:高雄律師,王瀚誼律師事務所。

大家好,我們今天要和大家討論關於「違法解雇」的勞資爭議,當雇主以各種理由(諸如:違反工作規則、業務成績無法達標、業務縮減),而在違反勞基法的狀況來解僱勞工時,此時,勞工除了可以申請勞資調解外,在後續進到訴訟過程中,有沒有什麼對自身比較有利的主張呢?

因而,以下我們將用實際的案例,向大家討論幾個相關的法律問題:
一、什麼是勞動事件法中的「定暫時狀態假處分」?
二、當雇主違法解僱勞工時,何種狀態下,法院會裁定命雇主應繼續僱用該員工呢?

【為何說解雇就解雇呢?】

美麗長年以來皆於一家公司裡,辛勤地工作,沒想到有一天,主管竟以美麗對於工作無法勝任為由,終止與美麗之間的勞動契約,這令美麗實在措手不及,為何工作了這麼多年,突然被以如此不合理的理由解僱。

後續,美麗以存證信函向公司表示,雙方的勞動契約並沒有因此終止,要求公司仍應依法給付報酬,但皆被公司全盤拒絕,就連後續的勞資爭議調解,雙方依然無法取得一致的共識,然而,這讓美麗十分擔心,在失去多年的工作之餘,應該如何面對後續的訴訟程序呢?

 

一、什麼是勞動事件法中的「定暫時狀態假處分」?

勞動事件法第49條第1項
勞工提起確認僱傭關係存在之訴,法院認勞工有勝訴之望,且雇主繼續僱用非顯有重大困難者,得依勞工之聲請,為繼續僱用及給付工資之定暫時狀態處分。

勞動事件法第49條第1項,規定勞工得以向法院申請,雇主應繼續僱用、給付工資的定暫時狀態假處分,而這裡的定暫時狀態假處分,為民事訴訟法第538條的特別規定,會有這樣的規定,是避免因訴訟程序拖延過久,會對權利產生重大損害或是急迫狀況,而可以先以定暫時狀態的處分,暫時先將雙方有爭議的法律關係維持住,避免在法律關係不確定的狀況下,讓相關權利人受到時間經過的不利益。

因而,於勞動事件法第49條第1項中,便針對僱傭關係存在與否有爭執的事件,設有定暫時狀態處分的規定,也就是說,法院可以先下個定暫時狀態的假處分,來告訴雙方說,等到我判決出來之前,我先承認你們兩位暫時維持原有的僱傭關係,因而,雇主仍需給予員工工作並支付薪水,以確保勞工爭取權益的訴訟過程中,仍然可以獲得基本的生活保障。

 

二、當雇主違法解僱勞工時,在何種狀態下,法院會裁定命雇主應繼續雇用該員工呢?

依照勞動事件法第49條第1項的立法理由指出:「勞動事件之勞工,通常有持續工作以維持生計之強烈需求,基於此項特性,於確認僱傭關係存在之訴訟進行中,如法院認勞工有相當程度之勝訴可能性,而這裡不需要以陷入不能生活的急迫危險為必要條件;且雇主繼續僱用非顯有重大困難時,宜依保全程序為暫時權利保護。」因此,通常狀況之下,勞工須向法院釋明所提訴訟有勝訴之望,並於而雇主未能釋明其有繼續僱用有重大困難時,法院即應該賦予勞工暫時之權利保護。

在我們今天的案例中,法院認為,公司以美麗無法勝任多年來所負責的工作,而擅自將美麗解僱,在這樣的狀況下,美麗在確認僱傭關係存在的訴訟中,有相當程度勝訴的可能性;另外,被告公司為實收營業額破百億的公司,對於繼續聘請美麗應無重大困難,因而,最終裁定賦予美麗暫時的權利保護,讓公司應繼續聘用美麗,並且按期支付薪水,直到訴訟案件終結確定前的那天。

也就是說,雇主不因為單方面的違法解僱,就可以免除支付員工薪水的責任,法院依然可能得利用裁定,命雇主必須繼續僱用員工,並且按月支付固定的薪水。但,需補充說明者,因勞動事件法新法上路,最高法院見解迄今數量未多,所以,關於更完善之實務見解看法,仍有待後續判決,繼續追蹤整理之。

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雇主若違法解僱員工,法院可能會裁定雇主需「繼續支薪直到員工合法復職」〉這篇文章最早發佈於《668 News》。

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