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美元台幣匯率

32.634

台幣日圓匯率

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台幣歐元匯率

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台幣韓元匯率

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台幣英鎊匯率

0.024

台幣人民幣匯率

0.224

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聯發科 ▸ |

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鴻海 ▸ |
美元台幣匯率 ▸ 32.634 | 台幣日圓匯率 ▸ 4.791 | 台幣歐元匯率 ▸ 0.029 | 台幣韓元匯率 ▸ 44.317 | 台幣英鎊匯率 ▸ 0.024 | 台幣人民幣匯率 ▸ 0.224
綜合

侵害著作權,怎麼認定賠償金額?

侵害著作權,怎麼認定賠償金額?

侵害著作權,怎麼認定賠償金額?

侵害著作權,怎麼認定賠償金額?

撰文:高雄律師,王瀚誼律師事務所。

大家好,我們今天要和大家討論,關於侵害著作權的賠償問題!當發現著作權被他人侵害,在思考著是否要依循法律途徑來請求對方賠償時,肯定會想了解,法院究竟是如何來判斷的侵害著作權的賠償金額呢?

因而,以下我們除了簡單說明著作權法的規定以外,也會舉一些實際的例子告訴大家,讓大家可以斟酌案例中的事實,來對照自身的狀況,藉此來評估後續應該如何捍衛自己被侵害的著作權喔!

 

一、關於著作權法第88條的規定:

著作權法第88條
第1項:因故意或過失不法侵害他人之著作財產權或製版權者,負損害賠償責任。數人共同不法侵害者,連帶負賠償責任。
第2項:前項損害賠償,被害人得依下列規定擇一請求:
一、依民法第216條之規定請求。但被害人不能證明其損害時,得以其行使權利依通常情形可得預期之利益,減除被侵害後行使同一權利所得利益之差額,為其所受損害。
二、請求侵害人因侵害行為所得之利益。但侵害人不能證明其成本或必要費用時,以其侵害行為所得之全部收入,為其所得利益。
第3項:依前項規定,如被害人不易證明其實際損害額,得請求法院依侵害情節,在新臺幣一萬元以上一百萬元以下酌定賠償額。如損害行為屬故意且情節重大者,賠償額得增至新臺幣五百萬元。

依照著作權法第88條第2、3項規定,主要可以有以下幾種的請求方式:

(1)民法一般損害賠償範圍規定:

著作權法第88條第2項第1款前段規定,可以依民法第216條之規定請求。民法第216條的所受損害、所失利益,前者為積極損害,為實際上的積極減少,也就是因此而生的「額外支出」,例如:身體受到侵害需支出的醫療費用、需再尋他人合作的洽談費用等;後者為消極損害,也就是原本預期「應增加但卻沒有增加的收入」,例如:失去工作機會而減少的收入、另行締約的買賣減少價差等,兩者都可以算在損害的範圍裏頭。

不過需要注意的是,前者的所受損害,必須證明其與侵害著作權行為間的相當因果關係;後者的所失利益,必須要是依通常情形或預定計畫,可以預期的利益才有算數,實務上常以具備客觀的確定性,得以確認利益內容者,為認定的條件,以避免讓所失利益的認定過於廣闊無邊,因此,在這裡如何適切的舉證就是很重要的部分了!

然而,為了避免受害人舉證所失損害太過困難,畢竟當此種無體財產權被侵害時,該如何具體認定損害的項目與數額?確實有別於一般物品毀壞或身體損傷容易舉證,因而,在著作權法第88條第2項第1款但書的規定中,條文也適時調整了舉證責任的門檻,讓被害人可以用權利侵害前後的差額,作為所受損害的標準。

(2)侵害人所得利益:

著作權法第88條第2項第2款前段規定,請求侵害人因侵害行為所得之利益。但侵害人不能證明其成本或必要費用時,以其侵害行為所得之全部收入,為其所得利益。

(3)法院酌定:

依著作權法第88條第3項規定,如被害人不易證明其實際損害額,得請求法院依侵害情節,在新臺幣一萬元以上一百萬元以下酌定賠償額。如損害行為屬故意且情節重大者,賠償額得增至新臺幣五百萬元。不過在此,惟有善盡完該有的舉證責任仍難以認定時,方可請求法院依照第3項來酌定賠償金額。

詳細可參考以下實務見解之說明:「為避免被害人不盡舉證責任,遽行請求法院酌定賠償額,導致酌定損害賠償制度遭濫用之弊端。被害人可具體確定之實際損害,並非不易證明者,其請求法院依據著作權法第88條第3項規定,酌定加害人應給付之損害賠償額,為無理由。是被害人依著作權法第88條第3項規定請求損害賠償,應以實際損害額不易證明為其要件,法院始審查侵害之情節,酌定賠償金額」(參照最高法院97年度台上字第375號)

 

二、 相關案例參考:

(1) 韓國代理醫美用品商品照片糾紛:

被告將原告代理韓國醫美用品的照片,擅自重製並且置於蝦皮賣場上,後續原告喪失與代理商繼續續約之機會,同一商品的銷售額也明顯下滑,然,經法院認為實際損害因網路傳播廣大而難以估算,且無法證明被告的行為與銷量下滑有因果關係,因此雖然原告主張請求100萬元,然法院最終酌減至12萬元。(智慧財產法院108年民著訴字第100號民事判決)

(2)隔壁皮件櫃位糾紛:

被告與原告兩者為信義誠品的同樓櫃位,從事相同的製造與銷售手機皮套業務,然被告所製的手機皮套因極度相似,而有侵害原告著作權,原告主張被告應賠償50萬元,後續法院命被告提出銷售額證據,然經被告拒絕,因此,法院即依照民事訴訟法第345條規定,允許原告50萬元的請求。(智慧財產法院106年民著訴字第36號民事判決)

(3)知名藝術家劉國松之畫作糾紛:

原告雖以其知名藝術家之身分,請求高達500多萬元新台幣的賠償金額,惟,法院依照雙方過往曾有過合作計畫,只因後續未繼續契約,被告於短暫的期間內侵害原告的權益,因此法院依照期間的久暫,以及網頁的使用狀況,將損害賠償的額度降到新台幣30萬元。(智慧財產法院105年民著訴字第50號民事判決)

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侵害著作權,怎麼認定賠償金額?〉這篇文章最早發佈於《668 News》。

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