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台積電

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鴻海

美元台幣匯率

32.634

台幣日圓匯率

4.791

台幣歐元匯率

0.029

台幣韓元匯率

44.317

台幣英鎊匯率

0.024

台幣人民幣匯率

0.224

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元大台灣50 ▸ |

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元大高股息 ▸ |

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台積電 ▸ |

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聯發科 ▸ |

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元大台灣價值高息 ▸ |

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鴻海 ▸ |
美元台幣匯率 ▸ 32.634 | 台幣日圓匯率 ▸ 4.791 | 台幣歐元匯率 ▸ 0.029 | 台幣韓元匯率 ▸ 44.317 | 台幣英鎊匯率 ▸ 0.024 | 台幣人民幣匯率 ▸ 0.224
生活

籌健保財源加稅惹民怨 學者:徵加熱菸稅捐可補缺口

籌健保財源加稅惹民怨 學者:徵加熱菸稅捐可補缺口

籌健保財源加稅惹民怨 學者:徵加熱菸稅捐可補缺口

籌健保財源加稅惹民怨 學者:徵加熱菸稅捐可補缺口

健保財源亮紅燈,政府既有稅捐不用,卻想加稅來因應,不但民意一面倒的反對,還有一千兩百多人走上凱道抗議,民眾訴求只要讓加熱菸依法上市,就有菸稅捐可挹注健保財源,逢甲大學財稅系教授吳朝欽也投書媒體,認為提高既有稅目的稅率可能傷害到效率與公平,顯然不是補充健保財源的理想方式,應考慮更有效地運用現有的稅收資源。

吳朝欽認為,健保支出的不斷增加,政府為填補這一缺口,提出各種稅收政策方案,然而從公平性、經濟影響及現有稅收使用的角度來看,補充健保是否需要加稅? 首先,政府曾提議以證券交易稅挹注健保財源,這一舉措對資本市場可能產生不利的影響;證券交易稅主要針對投資人,且交易頻繁者負擔更重,這可能造成資本市場萎縮,進一步影響經濟成長。台灣資本市場對經濟發展至關重要,證交稅若成為健保資金來源,可能抑制企業融資、創業及投資的意願,對整體經濟發展形成反動力。

其次,提高房屋稅對健保的補充效果有限且具區域不公平性;大多數房地產交易集中於特定地區,過高的稅負可能影響流動性,並將成本轉嫁給購屋者,導致房價上漲,間接加重人民的生活負擔。

政府救健保要加稅惹民怨,日前有1200人上凱道抗議,表達「我要選擇不要稅」訴求。資料照

至於建議提高營業稅,吳朝欽直言不妥,這類間接稅對全民生活的影響最為直接;營業稅最終會轉嫁到商品和服務價格上,消費者將成為實際負擔者。即便調高幅度有限,連鎖效應卻可能引發通膨壓力,對低收入族群的衝擊尤為明顯。例如,假設營業稅率從現行的5%提高至7%,生活必需品如食品、衣物及基本服務的價格都將相應上漲,最終形成全民共同承擔健保費用的局面,這種「普遍性」的代價是否公平,值得深思。

由上述可知,提高既有稅目的稅率可能傷害到效率與公平,並不是補充健保財源的理想方式,為解決健保財源,何不先考慮更有效地運用現有的稅收資源?以菸害防制法為例,該法修訂後,針對加熱菸的稅收預計大幅增加,據統計,僅以過去走私數量推估,合法加熱菸上市後每年將為政府帶來超過百億元的收入;這筆資金若能專款專用,直接用於補充健保,無須額外修訂稅法,也可避免對其他行業或民眾造成額外壓力。

因此吳朝欽認為在探討補充健保財源時,建議應考慮以下幾點:

1.稅負效率性與公平性:證交稅及房屋交易稅雖能短期內填補部分健保缺口,但其公平性與對經濟的潛在影響不容忽視。

2.通膨壓力:提高營業稅這類間接稅,可能帶來通膨風險,對低收入族群影響尤甚,與健保普惠精神相悖。

3.現有資源整合:加熱菸稅收應優先納入健保財源規劃,避免加重社會稅負。

平心而論,健保財源問題攸關全民健康權利,其解決方案不僅涉及經濟考量,更關乎社會公平與正義。政府應以多元視角審慎評估補充健保的財源選擇,在保障全民健康的同時,維持稅制的公平性與經濟的穩定性。

籌健保財源加稅惹民怨 學者:徵加熱菸稅捐可補缺口〉這篇文章最早發佈於《668 News》。

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