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未取得我國國籍的外籍配偶,婚姻關係消滅時,能向另一半,行使剩餘財產分配請求權嗎?

未取得我國國籍的外籍配偶,婚姻關係消滅時,能向另一半,行使剩餘財產分配請求權嗎?

未取得我國國籍的外籍配偶,婚姻關係消滅時,能向另一半,行使剩餘財產分配請求權嗎?

未取得我國國籍的外籍配偶,婚姻關係消滅時,能向另一半,行使剩餘財產分配請求權嗎?

撰文:高雄律師,王瀚誼律師事務所。

大家好,今天要與大家討論的是關於「外籍配偶」的法律問題,近十多年來,有越來越多的新住民,在台灣組成家庭,然而,針對『尚未取得台灣國籍』的外籍配偶,在夫妻財產制度消滅時,法律又是如何來規範的呢?

以下我們將透過案例,藉由「未取得我國國籍的外籍配偶,婚姻關係消滅時,能向另一半,行使剩餘財產分配請求權嗎?」、「外籍配偶可以繼承另一半的不動產嗎?」兩篇文章,起頭先與大家探討幾個法律議題:

一、新住民家庭適用何種夫妻財產制?可以自己約定嗎?
二、外籍配偶於婚姻關係消滅時,可以請求剩餘財產分配嗎?

【外籍配偶權益面面觀1】

阿嬌是位越南新娘,於民國90多年時,與台灣人阿邦結婚,婚後兩人一起在越南生活,兩人世界既幸福又美滿,但因為長期不在台灣,阿嬌也並未取得台灣國籍,直到民國100年時,才面臨與阿邦離婚的狀況,而阿邦在台灣留有幾塊土地的持份、兩棟房屋、還有一些股票與存款。

如今,越南新娘阿嬌可以在婚姻關係消滅時,請求剩餘財產分配請求權嗎?

 

一、新住民家庭適用何種夫妻財產制?可以自己約定嗎?

涉外民事法律適用法第48條
第1項:夫妻財產制,夫妻以書面合意適用其一方之本國法或住所地法者,依其合意所定之法律。
第2項:夫妻無前項之合意或其合意依前項之法律無效時,其夫妻財產制依夫妻共同之本國法;無共同之本國法時,依共同之住所地法;無共同之住所地法時,依與夫妻婚姻關係最切地之法律。
第3項:前二項之規定,關於夫妻之不動產,如依其所在地法,應從特別規定者,不適用之。

遇有跨國婚姻時,夫妻的財產制應如何處理?需依照涉外民事法律適用法第48條規定,原則上,可先以夫妻雙方以「書面合意決定」,看要適用哪一方國家的法律為準據;而如果雙方並未就此自行約定,則可依照夫妻雙方「共同的本國法」;若無共同本國法,則依照「共同住所地法」;而如果上述都無法適用時,此時則以「婚姻關係最切地」的法律為依據。

因此,新住民家庭的夫妻財產制,是可以交由雙方自行約定的,首先選擇適用哪一方國家的法律,其後就要依循該國的法律規定來決定夫妻財產制的內涵,若是雙方合意選擇以中華民國法為準據時,此時就必須依中華民國民法為依歸了(關於我國民法就夫妻財產制內涵的說明,詳情可參考我們先前所撰寫過的文章:討論夫妻財產制:「婚後夫妻財產如何管?關於夫妻法定財產制的幾大重點!」、討論剩餘財產分配請求權的性質「離婚後,夫妻的財產就一人一半嗎?」)。

回到今天的案例,阿邦與阿嬌兩人,當初其實並未就雙方的夫妻財產制有過任何約定,在雙方無共同本國法,但共同居住於越南的情況下,此時即有「共同住所地(越南)」的法律可以適用,於是法院認為,阿邦與阿嬌的夫妻財產制應依照越南國的家庭法為準據法,也就是以越南的法律規定來處理。

 

二、本件外籍配偶於婚姻關係消滅時,可以依照我國法律,請求剩餘財產分配嗎?

如上述,新住民家庭有自行決定夫妻財產制的權利,如果雙方約定選擇適用中華民國法律、雙方共同居住於中華民國時,即依照民法規定,在一般未另行選擇約定財產制,而適用法定財產制下,會有剩餘財產分配請求權可以行使,讓婚後剩餘財產較少的一方,可以向他方請求財產差額的一半,藉此肯定經濟弱勢的一方於婚姻關係存續中的協力貢獻,因此,外籍配偶即有剩餘財產分配請求權可以行使。

因此,在回到今天的案例時,阿邦與阿嬌婚後兩人一起在越南生活,兩人長期不在台灣,阿嬌也並未取得台灣國籍,在依照上開涉外民事法律適用法第48條規定,應適用越南國的家庭法為準據法下,兩人間婚姻關係消滅時,無法適用台灣的夫妻財產制喔。

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未取得我國國籍的外籍配偶,婚姻關係消滅時,能向另一半,行使剩餘財產分配請求權嗎?〉這篇文章最早發佈於《668 News》。

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